Me yasa rini ke shuɗewa a ƙarƙashin rana?

Me yasa rini ke shuɗewa a ƙarƙashin rana? Kafin mu fahimci dalilin, da farko muna buƙatar sanin menene "ƙarfin rana".

Tsaftacewar rana: yana nufin ikon rini na kiyaye launinsa na asali a ƙarƙashin hasken rana. A bisa ƙa'idodi na gabaɗaya, ƙayyade ƙarfin rana ya dogara ne akan hasken rana. Domin sauƙaƙe sarrafawa a dakin gwaje-gwaje, galibi ana amfani da tushen haske na wucin gadi kuma ana daidaita shi idan ya cancanta. Tushen hasken wucin gadi da aka fi amfani da su sune fitilun hernia da fitilun gawayi. A ƙarƙashin hasken haske, rini yana shan makamashin haske, kuma matakin kuzarin kwayar rini yana cikin yanayi mai daɗi. Tsarin launi na kwayar rini yana canzawa ko ya lalace, wanda ke haifar da ruɓewar rini da canza launi ko ɓacewa.

1, Tasirin haske akan samar da rini

Idan kwayar rini ta sha ƙarfin photon, zai sa electrons na waje na kwayar halittar su sauya daga yanayin ƙasa zuwa yanayin da ke cike da farin ciki.

Dangane da tsarinsu daban-daban, ƙwayoyin rini na iya fuskantar matakai daban-daban na motsawa a ƙarƙashin tasirin raƙuman haske na tsawon tsayi daban-daban, gami da π→π *, n →π *, CT (canja wurin caji), S → S (yanayin singlet), S → T (yanayin sau uku), yanayin ƙasa → yanayin farin ciki, da yanayin ƙasa → yanayin farin ciki na biyu. Yanayin ƙasa na yanayin singlet an rubuta shi azaman S0, kuma yanayin singlet mai farin ciki na biyu an rubuta shi azaman S1 da S2, bi da bi. Yanayin sau uku da ya dace an wakilta shi da T0, T1, da T2.

A lokacin aikin motsa jiki, ƙwayoyin rini suna shiga cikin yanayin kuzarin lantarki tare da matakan kuzarin girgiza daban-daban. Matakan kuzarin girgizarsu suna raguwa da sauri, suna canza kuzari zuwa zafi kuma suna wargaza shi. Wannan tsari na rage matakan makamashi ana kiransa passivation na girgiza. A lokacin aikin passivation na girgiza, yanayin S2 mai farin ciki tare da ƙarancin matakin kuzarin girgiza shi ma zai canza zuwa yanayin S1 mai farin ciki tare da matakin kuzarin girgiza mafi girma, kuma ya ci gaba da fuskantar passivation na girgiza. Ta wannan hanyar, yanayin S2 mai farin ciki tare da matakin makamashi mafi girma yana canzawa da sauri zuwa yanayin S1 mai farin ciki tare da matakin kuzarin girgiza mafi ƙasa.

Sauya tsakanin yanayin lantarki na S2 da S1 a ƙarƙashin yanayin haɗin makamashi daidai ba ya haɗa da canje-canje a cikin yawan juyawar electron, kuma ana kiransa juyawar ciki. Akwai kuma sauyi tsakanin yanayin singlet da triplet, daga yanayin S1 zuwa yanayin hazaka na T1. Wannan nau'in sauyin yanayin makamashin lantarki tare da canje-canje da yawa na juyawar electron a ƙarƙashin yanayin haɗin makamashi daidai ana kiransa giciye tsakanin tsarin. Saboda tasirin "haramtacce" na zaɓin juyawar electron, ƙimar ketarewar tsarin gabaɗaya yana da ƙasa kaɗan.

Kwayoyin rini masu ƙarfi suna fuskantar halayen photochemical tare da wasu ƙwayoyin, wanda ke haifar da bushewar rini da kuma karyewar zaruruwa.

2, Abubuwan da ke shafar saurin haske na rini

1. Tsawon tsayin tushen haske da hasken da ke haskakawa;

2. Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli;

3. Halayen sinadarai da tsarin ƙungiya na zare;

4. Ƙarfin ɗaurewa tsakanin rini da zare;

5. Tsarin sinadarai na rini;

6. Yawan rini da yanayin tarawa;

7. Tasirin gumin roba akan shudewar rini;

8. Tasirin abubuwan ƙari.

3, Hanyoyi don inganta saurin rini a rana

1. Inganta tsarin rini don rage tasirin da ke kan tsarin rini yayin da ake shan makamashin haske, ta haka ne za a ci gaba da kiyaye launin asali; Wanda aka fi sani da rini mai saurin rana. Wannan nau'in rini gabaɗaya ya fi tsada fiye da rini na yau da kullun, kuma ga masaku masu buƙatar hasken rana sosai, mataki na farko ya kamata ya zama zaɓar rini.

2. Idan masana'anta An riga an rina amma ƙarfin rana bai cika buƙatun ba, ana iya amfani da ƙarin abubuwa don inganta shi. Ƙara ƙarin abubuwa masu dacewa yayin ko bayan aikin rini, don su sami haske kafin rini lokacin da aka fallasa su ga haske, suna cinye kuzarin haske don kare ƙwayoyin rini. Gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa masu shaƙar ultraviolet da magungunan hana ultraviolet, waɗanda aka haɗa su gaba ɗaya a matsayin masu haɓaka saurin rana.

Tsaftacewar rana ta yadudduka masu launin haske masu launi tare da rini mai amsawa

Faɗuwar launuka masu amsawa da haske ke haifarwa wani abu ne mai sarkakiya da ke haifar da hasken chlorination. Bayan fahimtar yadda hasken ke faɗuwa, muna ƙirƙirar cikas ga amsawar iskar shaka a cikin ƙirar tsarin kwayoyin halitta na rini don jinkirta faɗuwar da haske ke haifarwa. Misali, rini masu rawaya waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin Dole sulfonic acid da pyrazolone, rini masu shuɗi waɗanda ke ɗauke da zoben phthalocyanine methyl zan da diazo trihelding, da rini masu ja waɗanda ke ɗauke da hadaddun ƙarfe, amma har yanzu ba su da rini masu amsawa ja masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da ƙarfin rana.

Tsarin rana na masaku masu launi iri ɗaya ya bambanta dangane da canjin yawan rini. Ga masaku masu launi iri ɗaya a kan zare ɗaya, ƙarfin rana yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar yawan rini, yayin da ga masaku masu launi mai haske, ƙarfin rana yana raguwa daidai lokacin da yawan rini ya yi ƙasa. Duk da haka, ana auna ƙarfin rana na rini na yau da kullun akan katunan launi da aka buga a yawan rini na 1/1 na zurfin da aka saba (watau 1% owf ko 20-30g/l). Idan yawan rini shine 1/6, 1/12, ko 1/25, ƙarfin rana zai ragu sosai.

Wasu mutane sun ba da shawarar amfani da na'urorin shaƙar hasken ultraviolet don inganta saurin rana, amma wannan ba hanya ce mai kyau ba. Hasken ultraviolet yana buƙatar abubuwa da yawa kuma zai iya inganta da rabin mataki kawai, kuma farashin yana buƙatar a inganta shi sosai. Saboda haka, zaɓin rini ne kawai zai iya magance matsalar saurin rana.